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A random Abstract
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Endoscopic assessment and management of early esophageal adenocarcinoma.
[esophageal adenocarcinoma]
Esophageal
carcinoma
affects
more
than
450000
people
worldwide
and
the
incidence
is
rapidly
increasing
.
In
the
United
States
and
Europe
,
esophageal
adenocarcinoma
has
superseded
esophageal
squamous
cell
carcinoma
in
its
incidence
.
Esophageal
cancer
has
a
high
mortality
rates
secondary
to
the
late
presentation
of
most
patients
at
advanced
stages
.
Endoscopic
screening
is
recommended
for
patients
with
multiple
risk
factors
for
cancer
in
Barrett
's
esophagus
.
These
risk
factors
include
chronic
gastroesophageal
reflux
disease
,
hiatal
hernia
,
advanced
age
,
male
sex
,
white
race
,
cigarette
smoking
,
and
obesity
.
The
annual
risk
of
esophageal
cancer
is
approximately
0
.
25
%
for
patients
without
dysplasia
and
6
%
for
patients
with
high
-grade
dysplasia
.
Twenty
percent
of
all
esophageal
adenocarcinoma
in
the
United
States
is
early
stage
with
disease
confined
to
the
mucosa
or
submucosa
.
The
significant
morbidity
and
mortality
of
esophagectomy
make
endoscopic
treatment
an
attractive
option
.
The
American
Gastroenterological
Association
recommends
endoscopic
eradication
therapy
for
patients
with
high
-grade
dysplasia
.
Endoscopic
modalities
for
treatment
of
early
esophageal
adenocarcinoma
include
endoscopic
resection
techniques
and
endoscopic
ablative
techniques
such
as
radiofrequency
ablation
,
photodynamic
therapy
and
cryoablation
.
Endoscopic
therapy
should
be
precluded
to
patients
with
no
evidence
of
lymphovascular
invasion
.
Local
tumor
recurrence
is
low
after
endoscopic
therapy
and
is
predicted
by
poor
differentiation
of
tumor
,
positive
lymph
node
and
submucosal
invasion
.
Surgical
resection
should
be
offered
to
patients
with
deep
submucosal
invasion
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"squamous cell carcinoma"
symptom
carcinoma of the gallbladder
child syndrome
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kallmann syndrome
kindler syndrome
liposarcoma
monosomy 21
oculocutaneous albinism
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
This symptom has already been validated