Epidemiological studies of esophageal cancer in the era of genome-wide association studies.

[esophageal adenocarcinoma]

Esophageal cancer (EC ) caused about 395000 deaths in 2010 . China has the most cases of EC and EC is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in China . Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC ) is the predominant histologic type (90 %-95 %), while the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC ) remains extremely low in China . Traditional epidemiological studies have revealed that environmental carcinogens are risk factors for EC . Molecular epidemiological studies revealed that susceptibility to EC is influenced by both environmental and genetic risk factors . Of all the risk factors for EC , some are associated with the risk of ESCC and others with the risk of EAC . However , the details and mechanisms of risk factors involved in the process for EC are unclear . The advanced methods and techniques used in human genome studies bring a great opportunity for researchers to explore and identify the details of those risk factors or susceptibility genes involved in the process of EC . Human genome epidemiology is a new branch of epidemiology , which leads the epidemiology study from the molecular epidemiology era to the era of genome wide association studies (GWAS ). Here we review the epidemiological studies of EC (especially ESCC ) in the era of GWAS , and provide an overview of the general risk factors and those genomic variants (genes , SNPs , miRNAs , proteins ) involved in the process of ESCC .

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Diseases presenting "techniques used in human genome studies bring a great opportunity for researchers to explore and identify the details of those risk factors or susceptibility genes involved in the process of ec" symptom

esophageal adenocarcinoma

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