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Diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease.
[esophageal adenocarcinoma]
Gastroesophageal
reflux
disease
(
GERD
)
is
a
common
disease
with
a
prevalence
as
high
as
10
%
-
20
%
in
the
western
world
.
The
disease
can
manifest
in
various
symptoms
which
can
be
grouped
into
typical
,
atypical
and
extra
-
esophageal
symptoms
.
Those
with
the
highest
specificity
for
GERD
are
acid
regurgitation
and
heartburn
.
In
the
absence
of
alarm
symptoms
,
these
symptoms
can
allow
one
to
make
a
presumptive
diagnosis
and
initiate
empiric
therapy
.
In
certain
situations
,
further
diagnostic
testing
is
needed
to
confirm
the
diagnosis
as
well
as
to
assess
for
complications
or
alternate
causes
for
the
symptoms
.
GERD
complications
include
erosive
esophagitis
,
peptic
stricture
,
Barrett
's
esophagus
,
esophageal
adenocarcinoma
and
pulmonary
disease
.
Management
of
GERD
may
involve
lifestyle
modification
,
medical
therapy
and
surgical
therapy
.
Lifestyle
modifications
including
weight
loss
and
/
or
head
of
bed
elevation
have
been
shown
to
improve
esophageal
pH
and
/
or
GERD
symptoms
.
Medical
therapy
involves
acid
suppression
which
can
be
achieved
with
antacids
,
histamine-receptor
antagonists
or
proton-pump
inhibitors
.
Whereas
most
patients
can
be
effectively
managed
with
medical
therapy
,
others
may
go
on
to
require
anti-reflux
surgery
after
undergoing
a
proper
pre-operative
evaluation
.
The
purpose
of
this
review
is
to
discuss
the
current
approach
to
the
diagnosis
and
treatment
of
gastroesophageal
reflux
disease
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"weight loss"
symptom
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dentinogenesis imperfecta
erdheim-chester disease
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
fabry disease
focal myositis
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria
krabbe disease
oligodontia
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
triple a syndrome
von hippel-lindau disease
werner syndrome
This symptom has already been validated