[In Process Citation].

[adrenal incidentaloma]

Incidentally detected adrenal masses occur frequently especially in the elderly . This is due to technical advances as well as to widespread use of radiologic imaging performed for other reasons . After discovery of an adrenal mass two major questions arise : firstly , is the lesion malignant and , secondly , is it hormonally active ? Malignancy is only very rarely the cause for incidental adrenal masses . However , in patients with a history of malignant disease these are suspicious for metastases . Imaging may help distinguish adrenal masses in terms of size and signal characteristics . About 10 - 15 % of adrenal incidentalomas are hormonally active . Clinically significant are an overproduction of catecholamines , aldosterone and cortisol . Hormonal evaluation should be considered according to the clinical context : screening for hyperaldosteronism is recommended if hypertension is present and screening for cortisol-excess should be performed in patients with typical clinical signs . In contrast , a pheochromocytoma should be ruled out in almost all patients with adrenal incidentaloma . Often only a combination of different tests can prove hormone-excess . These tests are influenced by a variety of factors and should therefore be interpreted with caution .

Diseases
Validation

Diseases presenting "hypertension" symptom

achondroplasia

acute rheumatic fever

adrenal incidentaloma

aniridia

aromatase deficiency

cadasil

child syndrome

cohen syndrome

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

cushing syndrome

cystinuria

erdheim-chester disease

erythropoietic protoporphyria

esophageal adenocarcinoma

fabry disease

familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

gm1 gangliosidosis

heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis

holt-oram syndrome

homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria

hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius

inclusion body myositis

kallmann syndrome

kindler syndrome

lamellar ichthyosis

lymphangioleiomyomatosis

pendred syndrome

primary effusion lymphoma

scrub typhus

severe combined immunodeficiency

sneddon syndrome

typhoid

von hippel-lindau disease

well-differentiated liposarcoma

werner syndrome

x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy

zellweger syndrome

This symptom has already been validated