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[When the Egyptian mummies are speaking about the infections that have made them ill].
[dracunculiasis]
The
microbiological
study
of
mummies
has
started
in
1910
when
Sir
M
.
A
.
Ruffer
first
applied
the
histologic
methods
to
the
study
of
mummified
tissues
and
found
Schistosoma
haematobium
ovas
dated
from
the
XXth
dynasty
.
Up
to
the
1990
years
,
morphological
methods
including
radiology
,
computed
tomography
,
endoscopy
,
history
,
electron
microscopy
,
and
serology
have
been
the
main
tools
used
in
Paleopathology
.
They
led
to
identify
schistosomiasis
,
dracunculiasis
,
trichinosis
,
ascariasis
and
bone
tuberculosis
as
the
most
prevalent
diseases
of
the
ancient
residents
of
Egypt
.
The
recent
introduction
of
molecular
methods
(
PCR
)
allowed
t
confirm
the
high
prevalence
of
helminth
diseases
and
tuberculosis
among
these
populations
,
but
also
added
new
data
exemplified
by
the
widespread
distribution
of
Plasmodium
falciparum
malaria
.
In
addition
,
cases
of
bacterial
septicemias
and
diphteria
possibily
occurred
.
Thousands
of
human
and
animal
mummies
remain
to
be
studied
with
the
hope
to
discover
another
pathogens
responsible
for
viral
or
zoonotic
infections
prevalent
during
the
pharaons
'
times
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"morphological methods"
symptom
dracunculiasis
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