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Antibody and cytokine responses in Dracunculus medinensis patients at distinct states of infection.
[dracunculiasis]
Dracunculiasis
is
a
promising
candidate
for
eradication
,
but
transmission
of
Dracunculus
medinensis
and
recrudescence
of
the
disease
have
been
observed
repeatedly
.
In
the
present
investigation
,
the
D
.
medinensis
-
specific
cellular
cytokine
response
profiles
and
the
parasite-
specific
antibody
subclass
reactivity
were
evaluated
in
dracunculiasis
patients
at
distinct
states
of
infection
.
Analysis
of
the
cellular
cytokine
response
in
dracunculiasis
patients
disclosed
a
D
.
medinensis
antigen-
specific
depression
of
IFN-gamma
production
with
patent
D
.
medinensis
infection
,
while
the
T
helper
type
2
cytokine
IL
-
10
was
similar
in
patent
,
post-
patent
and
control
individuals
,
and
IL
-
5
production
was
always
the
highest
in
controls
.
In
parallel
,
diminished
IFN-gamma
and
IL
-
12
responses
to
antigens
from
Ascaris
lumbricoides
,
Entamoeba
histolytica
and
mycobacteria
were
observed
in
patent
and
post-
patent
dracunculiasis
cases
.
The
parasite-
specific
IgG
(
1
)
and
IgG
(
4
)
subclass
reactivity
profiles
corresponded
with
the
D
.
medinensis
infection
state
,
and
a
clear
distinction
between
patent
and
post-
patent
patients
and
controls
was
found
.
Overall
a
depressed
cytokine
release
was
observed
with
patent
D
.
medinensis
,
which
extended
beyond
the
parasite-
specific
immune
responsiveness
.
The
detection
of
D
.
medinensis
-
specific
IgG
(
1
)
and
IgG
(
4
)
isotypes
may
help
to
distinguish
newly
exposed
,
patent
and
post-
patent
D
.
medinensis
infections
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"controls was found"
symptom
dracunculiasis
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