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Dracunculiasis (guinea worm disease): eradication without a drug or a vaccine.
[dracunculiasis]
Dracunculiasis
,
commonly
known
as
guinea
worm
disease
,
is
a
nematode
infection
transmitted
to
humans
exclusively
via
contaminated
drinking
water
.
The
disease
prevails
in
the
most
deprived
areas
of
the
world
.
No
vaccine
or
medicine
is
available
against
the
disease
:
eradication
is
being
achieved
by
implementing
preventive
measures
.
These
include
behavioural
change
in
patients
and
communities--such
as
self-reporting
suspected
cases
to
health
workers
or
volunteers
,
filtering
drinking
water
and
accessing
water
from
improved
sources
and
preventing
infected
individuals
from
wading
or
swimming
in
drinking-water
sources--supplemented
by
active
surveillance
and
case
containment
,
vector
control
and
provision
of
improved
water
sources
.
Efforts
to
eradicate
dracunculiasis
began
in
the
early
1980
s
.
By
the
end
of
2012
,
the
disease
had
reached
its
lowest
levels
ever
.
This
paper
reviews
the
progress
made
in
eradicating
dracunculiasis
since
the
eradication
campaign
began
,
the
factors
influencing
progress
and
the
difficulties
in
controlling
the
pathogen
that
requires
behavioural
change
,
especially
when
the
threat
becomes
rare
.
The
challenges
of
intensifying
surveillance
are
discussed
,
particularly
in
insecure
areas
containing
the
last
foci
of
the
disease
.
It
also
summarizes
the
broader
benefits
uniquely
linked
to
interventions
against
dracunculiasis
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"medicine is available against the disease"
symptom
dracunculiasis
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