Neurological manifestations of filarial infections.

[dracunculiasis]

Filarial infections cause a huge public health burden wherever they are endemic . These filaria may locate anywhere in the human body . Their manifestations and pathogenic mechanisms , except the most common ones , are rarely investigated systematically . Their neurological manifestations , however , are being increasingly recognized particularly with onchocerciasis or Loa loa infections , Wuchereria bancrofti , or Mansonella perstans . The risk of developing these manifestations may also increase in cases that harbor multiple filariasis or coinfections , for instance as with Plasmodium . The microfilaria of Onchocerca and Loa loa are seen in cerebrospinal fluid . The pathogenesis of neurological manifestations of these infections is complex ; however , pathogenic reactions may be caused by mechanical disruption , e .g ., degeneration often followed by granulomas , causing fibrosis or mass effects on other tissues , vascular lesions , e .g ., vascular block of cerebral vessels , or disordered inflammatory responses resulting in meningitis , encephalitis or localized inflammatory responses . The chances of having neurological manifestations may also depend upon the frequency and "heaviness "of infection over a lifetime . Hence , this type of infection should no longer be considered a disease of the commonly affected areas but one that may produce systemic effects or other manifestations , and these should be considered in populations where they are endemic .

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dracunculiasis

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