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Community-based interventions for the prevention and control of helmintic neglected tropical diseases.
[dracunculiasis]
In
this
paper
,
we
aim
to
systematically
analyze
the
effectiveness
of
community-based
interventions
(
CBIs
)
for
the
prevention
and
control
of
helminthiasis
including
soil-transmitted
helminthiasis
(
STH
)
(
ascariasis
,
hookworms
,
and
trichuriasis
)
,
lymphatic
filariasis
,
onchocerciasis
,
dracunculiasis
,
and
schistosomiasis
.
We
systematically
reviewed
literature
published
before
May
2013
and
included
32
studies
in
this
review
.
Findings
from
the
meta
-analysis
suggest
that
CBIs
are
effective
in
reducing
the
prevalence
of
STH
(
RR
:
0
.
45
,
95
%
CI
:
0
.
38
,
0
.
54
)
,
schistosomiasis
(
RR
:
0
.
40
,
95
%
CI
:
0
.
33
,
0
.
50
)
,
and
STH
intensity
(
SMD
:
-
3
.
16
,
95
CI
:
-
4
.
28
,
-
2
.
04
)
.
They
are
also
effective
in
improving
mean
hemoglobin
(
SMD
:
0
.
34
,
95
%
CI
:
0
.
20
,
0
.
47
)
and
reducing
anemia
prevalence
(
RR
:
0
.
90
,
95
%
CI
:
0
.
85
,
0
.
96
)
.
However
,
it
did
not
have
any
impact
on
ferritin
,
height
,
weight
,
low
birth
weight
(
LBW
)
,
or
stillbirths
.
School
-based
delivery
significantly
reduced
STH
(
RR
:
0
.
49
,
95
%
CI
:
0
.
39
,
0
.
63
)
and
schistosomiasis
prevalence
(
RR
:
0
.
50
,
95
%
CI
:
0
.
33
,
0
.
75
)
,
STH
intensity
(
SMD
:
-
0
.
22
,
95
%
CI
:
-
0
.
26
,
-
0
.
17
)
,
and
anemia
prevalence
(
RR
:
0
.
87
,
95
%
CI
:
0
.
81
,
0
.
94
)
.
It
also
improved
mean
hemoglobin
(
SMD
:
0
.
24
,
95
%
CI
:
0
.
16
,
0
.
32
)
.
We
did
not
find
any
conclusive
evidence
from
the
quantitative
synthesis
on
the
relative
effectiveness
of
integrated
and
non-integrated
delivery
strategies
due
to
the
limited
data
available
for
each
subgroup
.
However
,
the
qualitative
synthesis
from
the
included
studies
supports
community-based
delivery
strategies
and
suggests
that
integrated
prevention
and
control
measures
are
more
effective
in
achieving
greater
coverage
compared
to
the
routine
vertical
delivery
,
albeit
it
requires
an
existing
strong
healthcare
infrastructure
.
Current
evidence
suggests
that
effective
community-based
strategies
exist
and
deliver
a
range
of
preventive
,
promotive
,
and
therapeutic
interventions
to
combat
helminthic
neglected
tropical
diseases
(
NTDs
)
.
However
,
there
is
a
need
to
implement
and
evaluate
efficient
integrated
programs
with
the
existing
disease
control
programs
on
a
larger
scale
throughout
resource-
limited
regions
especially
to
reach
the
unreachable
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"birth weight"
symptom
classical phenylketonuria
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
congenital toxoplasmosis
cutaneous mastocytosis
dracunculiasis
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
harlequin ichthyosis
hirschsprung disease
homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria
lamellar ichthyosis
phenylketonuria
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
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