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Overexpression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in teeth results in detachment of ameloblasts and enamel defects.
[dentin dysplasia]
Transforming
growth
factor
-
beta
1
(
TGF-
beta
1
)
is
a
key
regulator
of
many
cellular
processes
,
including
cell
adhesion
,
the
immune
response
and
synthesis
of
extracellular
matrix
proteins
.
In
the
present
study
,
we
report
the
characterization
of
enamel
defects
in
a
transgenic
mouse
model
overexpressing
TGF-
beta
1
in
odontoblasts
and
ameloblasts
,
its
expression
being
driven
by
the
promoter
sequences
of
the
dentin
sialophosphoprotein
gene
.
As
reported
earlier
,
these
mice
develop
distinct
dentin
defects
similar
to
those
seen
in
human
dentin
dysplasia
and
dentinogenesis
imperfecta
.
A
further
detailed
examination
of
enamel
in
these
mice
revealed
that
from
the
early
secretory
stage
,
ameloblasts
began
to
detach
from
dentin
to
form
cyst-like
structures
.
A
soft
X-
ray
analysis
revealed
that
this
cyst-like
structure
had
a
disorganized
and
partially
mineralized
matrix
with
an
abnormal
mineralization
pattern
and
a
globular
appearance
.
In
the
molars
,
the
enamel
was
not
only
pitted
and
hypoplastic
,
but
enamel
rods
were
completely
lost
.
Thus
,
altered
TGF-
beta
1
expression
in
the
tooth
seems
to
trigger
detachment
of
ameloblasts
and
abnormal
secretion
and
deposition
of
minerals
in
the
cyst-like
structures
adjoining
the
dentin
.
We
speculate
that
the
altered
expression
of
TGF-
beta
1
in
teeth
impacts
the
adhesion
process
of
ameloblasts
to
dentin
.
