Rare Diseases Symptoms Automatic Extraction

An update and practical guide to renal stone management.

[cystinuria]

Renal stone disease covers kidney and lower urinary tract stones caused by a variety of conditions, including metabolic and inherited disorders, and anatomical defects with or without chronic urinary infection. Most cases are idiopathic, in which there is undoubtedly a genetic predisposition, but where environmental and lifestyle factors play an important role. Indeed, it is becoming apparent that renal stone disease is often part of a larger 'metabolic picture' commonly associated with type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension. Renal stone disease is a growing problem in the UK (and other developed and developing populations) with a cross-sectional prevalence of ∼1.2%. This means that there are currently ∼720,000 individuals with a history of kidney stones in the UK. Almost 40% of first-time stone formers will form a second stone within 3 years of the first episode if no prophylactic measures are instituted to prevent stone recurrence, since removal or disintegration of the first stone does not treat the underlying cause of stones in the majority of patients. The age of onset is getting younger and the sex ratio (until recently more men than women) is becoming almost even. Metabolic screening remains an important part of investigating renal stone disease, but to the disappointment and frustration of many doctors, medical treatment is still essentially pragmatic, except perhaps in cystinuria, and to a limited extent in primary hyperoxaluria (if pyridoxine-sensitive); although newer treatments may be emerging. This review summarizes current thinking and provides a practical basis for the management of renal stone disease.

Diseases presenting "hypertension" symptom

  • achondroplasia
  • acute rheumatic fever
  • adrenal incidentaloma
  • aniridia
  • aromatase deficiency
  • cadasil
  • child syndrome
  • cohen syndrome
  • congenital adrenal hyperplasia
  • congenital diaphragmatic hernia
  • cushing syndrome
  • cystinuria
  • erdheim-chester disease
  • erythropoietic protoporphyria
  • esophageal adenocarcinoma
  • fabry disease
  • familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
  • gm1 gangliosidosis
  • heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
  • hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
  • holt-oram syndrome
  • homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria
  • hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius
  • inclusion body myositis
  • kallmann syndrome
  • kindler syndrome
  • lamellar ichthyosis
  • lymphangioleiomyomatosis
  • pendred syndrome
  • primary effusion lymphoma
  • scrub typhus
  • severe combined immunodeficiency
  • sneddon syndrome
  • typhoid
  • von hippel-lindau disease
  • well-differentiated liposarcoma
  • werner syndrome
  • x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
  • zellweger syndrome

This symptom has already been validated