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Pharmacotherapy of urolithiasis: evidence from clinical trials.
[cystinuria]
Urolithiasis
is
a
worldwide
problem
with
significant
health
and
economic
burdens
.
Medical
therapy
that
alters
the
course
of
stone
disease
has
enormous
medical
and
financial
impact
.
Urolithiasis
is
a
final
manifestation
of
a
broad
range
of
etiologies
and
pathogenesis
.
The
modest
progress
in
understanding
the
pathophysiology
has
hampered
successful
development
of
targeted
therapy
.
Current
regimens
are
based
mostly
on
rational
alteration
of
urinary
biochemistry
and
physical
chemistry
to
lower
the
risk
of
precipitation
.
In
terms
of
pharmacotherapy
,
there
are
drugs
to
successfully
improve
hypercalciuria
,
hypocitraturia
,
aciduria
,
hyperuricosuria
,
and
hypercystinuria
.
These
agents
have
been
proven
to
be
effective
in
randomized
controlled
trials
in
improving
urinary
biochemical
and
physicochemical
risk
factors
,
as
well
as
clinical
outcomes
.
Although
our
current
regimens
have
clearly
improved
the
management
and
lives
of
stone
formers
,
there
are
still
clearly
identifiable
immense
voids
in
the
knowledge
of
pathophysiology
of
stone
disease
that
can
be
filled
with
combined
basic
science
and
clinical
studies
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"broad range"
symptom
acute rheumatic fever
congenital toxoplasmosis
cowden syndrome
cystinuria
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
gm1 gangliosidosis
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
kallmann syndrome
neuralgic amyotrophy
severe combined immunodeficiency
typhoid
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
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