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Urolithiasis in children: medical approach.
[cystinuria]
Childhood
urolithiasis
is
an
evolving
condition
with
an
increasing
incidence
and
prevalence
over
the
last
2
decades
.
Over
that
time
the
underlying
cause
has
shifted
from
predominantly
infectious
to
metabolic
in
nature
.
This
review
describes
the
pathophysiology
,
underlying
metabolic
abnormalities
,
clinical
presentation
,
evaluation
,
and
management
of
childhood
urolithiasis
.
A
comprehensive
metabolic
evaluation
is
essential
for
all
children
with
renal
calculi
,
given
the
high
rate
of
recurrence
and
the
importance
of
excluding
inherited
progressive
conditions
.
