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Predisposing factors for infantile urinary calculus in south-west of Iran.
[cystinuria]
Urinary
calculi
in
infants
are
relatively
infrequent
,
but
their
incidence
has
increased
in
the
recent
decades
.
The
aim
of
this
study
was
to
investigate
the
clinical
presentation
,
metabolic
risk
factors
,
and
urinary
tract
abnormalities
in
infants
suffering
from
kidney
calculus
.
A
total
of
152
infants
were
admitted
between
2009
and
2012
with
ultrasonography-proven
urolithiasis
.
A
Foley
catheter
was
fixed
and
24
-
hour
urine
samples
were
analyzed
for
calcium
,
citrate
,
oxalate
,
uric
acid
,
and
magnesium
.
For
detecting
cystinuria
,
qualitative
measurement
of
urinary
cystine
was
done
by
nitroprusside
test
.
Urinary
tract
structural
abnormalities
were
also
evaluated
.
The
mean
age
at
the
diagnosis
of
kidney
calculus
was
5
.
46
months
(
range
,
15
days
to
12
months
)
.
The
most
common
clinical
findings
were
restlessness
and
urinary
tract
infection
.
A
family
history
of
calculi
was
found
in
67
.
1
%
of
the
patients
and
68
.
4
%
were
born
to
consanguineous
marriages
.
Metabolic
abnormalities
and
urinary
tract
abnormalities
were
found
in
96
.
1
%
and
15
.
1
%
of
children
,
respectively
.
Urinary
tract
abnormalities
were
more
common
in
girls
.
The
most
common
metabolic
risk
factors
were
hypercalciuria
(
79
.
6
%
)
and
hypocitraturia
(
40
.
9
%
)
.
Hyperoxaluria
and
hypomagnesuria
were
found
in
about
28
%
of
patients
,
both
of
which
were
associated
with
bilateral
urolithiasis
.
These
findings
show
that
urinary
metabolic
abnormalities
are
very
common
in
infants
with
urolithiasis
.
Appropriate
evaluation
of
urinary
metabolic
parameters
can
lead
us
to
proper
diagnosis
and
treatment
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"qualitative measurement of urinary cystine was done by nitroprusside test"
symptom
cystinuria
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