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White matter microstructural abnormalities of the cingulum bundle in youths with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: Associations with medication, neuropsychological function, and prodromal symptoms of psychosis.
[22q11.2 deletion syndrome]
The
22
q
11
.
2
deletion
syndrome
(
22
q
11
.
2
DS
)
is
regarded
as
an
etiologically
homogenous
model
for
understanding
neuroanatomic
disruptions
associated
with
a
high
risk
for
schizophrenia
.
This
study
utilized
diffusion
tensor
imaging
(
DTI
)
to
analyze
white
matter
microstructure
in
individuals
with
22
q
11
.
2
DS
.
We
focused
on
the
cingulum
bundle
(
CB
)
,
previously
shown
to
be
disrupted
in
patients
with
schizophrenia
and
associated
with
symptoms
of
psychosis
.
White
matter
microstructure
was
assessed
in
the
anterior
,
superior
,
and
posterior
CB
using
the
tractography
algorithm
in
DTIStudio
.
Neuropsychological
function
,
presence
of
prodromal
symptoms
of
psychosis
,
and
medication
history
were
assessed
in
all
participants
.
Relative
to
controls
,
young
adults
with
22
q
11
.
2
DS
showed
alterations
in
most
DTI
metrics
of
the
CB
.
Alterations
were
associated
with
positive
prodromal
symptoms
of
psychosis
.
However
,
when
individuals
with
22
q
11
.
2
DS
were
divided
by
usage
of
antipsychotics
/
mood
stabilizers
,
the
medicated
and
non-medicated
groups
differed
significantly
in
axial
diffusivity
of
the
anterior
CB
and
in
fractional
anisotropy
of
the
superior
CB
.
DTI
metrics
did
not
differ
between
the
medicated
group
and
the
control
group
.
Results
suggest
that
the
microstructure
of
the
CB
is
altered
in
individuals
with
22
q
11
.
2
DS
,
and
that
those
alterations
may
underlie
positive
prodromal
symptoms
of
psychosis
.
Our
findings
further
provide
preliminary
evidence
that
antipsychotic
/
mood
stabilizer
usage
may
have
a
reparative
effect
on
white
matter
microstructure
in
prodromal
22
q
11
.
2
DS
,
independent
of
the
potential
effects
of
psychosis
.
Future
studies
of
white
matter
pathology
in
individuals
with
22
q
11
.
2
DS
should
test
for
potential
effects
of
medication
on
white
matter
microstructure
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"psychosis"
symptom
22q11.2 deletion syndrome
child syndrome
homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria
hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius
sneddon syndrome
This symptom has already been validated
