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Streptococcal superantigens: categorization and clinical associations.
[acute rheumatic fever]
Superantigens
are
key
virulence
factors
in
the
immunopathogenesis
of
invasive
disease
caused
by
group
A
streptococcus
.
These
protein
exotoxins
have
also
been
associated
with
severe
group
C
and
group
G
streptococcal
infections
.
A
number
of
novel
streptococcal
superantigens
have
recently
been
described
with
some
resulting
confusion
in
their
classification
.
In
addition
to
clarifying
the
nomenclature
of
streptococcal
superantigens
and
proposing
guidelines
for
their
categorization
,
this
review
summarizes
the
evidence
supporting
their
involvement
in
various
clinical
diseases
including
acute
rheumatic
fever
.
