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Thyroid disease associated with Cowden syndrome: A meta-analysis.
[cowden syndrome]
We
investigated
the
pathology
and
surgical
management
of
thyroid
disease
in
patients
with
Cowden
syndrome
(
CS
)
.
A
query
of
the
PubMed
database
between
2001
and
January
2010
was
performed
using
the
terms
"
cowden
syndrome
OR
cowden
's
syndrome
OR
cowden
disease
OR
cowden
's
disease
.
"
Original
articles
,
reviews
,
case
reports
,
and
case
series
were
included
.
Articles
were
excluded
if
they
were
not
written
in
English
,
did
not
present
case
/
cases
of
CS
,
or
did
not
include
patient
information
to
qualify
for
a
diagnosis
of
CS
.
Ninety
-
five
articles
met
the
inclusion
and
exclusion
criteria
.
A
total
of
181
cases
were
analyzed
.
Of
the
181
patients
,
99
female
(
54
.
7
%
)
and
77
male
patients
(
42
.
5
%
)
had
sex
reported
.
The
age
at
presentation
ranged
from
3
days
to
78
years
.
Ninety
-
six
patients
(
96
/
181
,
53
.
0
%
)
were
reported
to
have
thyroid
disease
.
Surgical
management
of
thyroid
disease
was
performed
in
80
.
2
%
(
77
/
96
)
of
patients
with
thyroid
disease
,
with
total
thyroidectomy
being
the
most
common
operation
reported
(
23
/
77
,
29
.
9
%
)
.
Thyroid
pathology
reported
with
CS
patients
included
goiter
(
39
/
96
,
40
.
6
%
)
,
adenoma
(
24
/
96
,
25
%
)
,
unknown
/
unspecified
pathology
(
8
/
96
,
8
.
3
%
)
,
follicular
carcinoma
(
7
/
96
,
7
.
3
%
)
,
thyroiditis
(
7
/
96
,
7
.
3
%
)
,
papillary
carcinoma
(
6
/
96
,
6
.
3
%
)
,
cancer
(
unknown
type
)
(
3
/
96
,
3
.
1
%
)
,
medullary
carcinoma
(
1
/
96
,
1
%
)
,
and
hyperthyroidism
(
1
/
96
,
1
%
)
.
Careful
monitoring
of
thyroid
disease
in
CS
patients
is
imperative
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"cancer"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
alpha-thalassemia
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
cadasil
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
coats disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
inclusion body myositis
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
proteus syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated
