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Adverse socioeconomic conditions and oocyst-related factors are associated with congenital toxoplasmosis in a population-based study in Minas Gerais, Brazil.
[congenital toxoplasmosis]
Congenital
toxoplasmosis
is
a
public
health
problem
in
Brazil
.
This
study
aimed
to
determine
risk
factors
associated
with
congenital
toxoplasmosis
in
Minas
Gerais
which
is
the
second
largest
Brazilian
State
based
on
number
of
inhabitants
,
and
its
territorial
extension
is
larger
than
that
of
France
.
P
opulation-based
case-control
study
to
assess
the
association
between
congenital
toxoplasmosis
and
maternal
exposure
to
infection
risk
factors
.
The
study
included
mothers
/
children
participating
in
the
Minas
Gerais
Newborn
Screening
Program
.
The
cases
consisted
of
175
mothers
of
infected
children
,
and
the
controls
consisted
of
278
mothers
of
children
without
suspected
infection
.
The
associations
were
assessed
through
binomial
logistic
regression
with
p
≤
0
.
05
.
The
variables
associated
with
lower
probability
of
toxoplasmosis
were
:
older
mother
age
(
OR
=
0
.
89
;
CI
95
%
 
=
0
.
85
-
0
.
93
)
,
higher
level
of
education
(
OR
=
0
.
85
;
CI
95
%
 
=
0
.
78
-
0
.
92
)
,
access
to
potable
water
(
OR
=
0
.
21
;
CI
95
%
 
=
0
.
08
-
0
.
51
)
,
and
home
with
flush
toilet
(
OR
=
0
.
18
;
CI
95
%
 
=
0
.
04
-
078
)
.
The
variables
associated
with
higher
probability
of
infection
were
:
cats
in
the
neighborhood
(
OR
=
2
.
27
;
CI
95
%
 
=
1
.
27
-
4
.
06
)
,
owning
or
visiting
homes
with
domestic
cats
(
OR
=
1
.
90
;
CI
95
%
 
=
1
.
09
-
3
.
31
)
,
handling
the
soil
(
OR
=
2
.
29
;
CI
95
%
 
=
1
.
32
-
3
.
96
)
,
and
eating
fresh
meat
not
previously
frozen
(
OR
=
3
.
97
;
CI
95
%
 
=
2
.
17
-
7
.
25
)
.
After
stratification
according
region
of
residence
(
rural
or
urban
/
peri-urban
)
,
home
with
flush
toilet
and
consumption
of
treated
water
were
protective
against
the
disease
only
in
the
rural
stratum
.
In
Minas
Gerais
,
congenital
toxoplasmosis
has
been
associated
with
poor
socioeconomic
conditions
.
Considering
maternal
exposure
to
sources
of
Toxoplasma
gondii
,
the
predominating
risk
factors
were
those
related
to
the
ingestion
of
oocysts
.
It
is
expected
that
these
results
will
contribute
to
development
of
a
program
for
prevention
of
congenital
toxoplasmosis
adapted
to
the
reality
of
the
population
of
Minas
Gerais
.
The
differences
between
populations
living
in
rural
and
urban
areas
regarding
the
main
risk
factors
for
toxoplasmosis
point
to
the
need
of
considering
regional
specificities
in
planning
strategies
to
control
congenital
toxoplasmosis
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"poor socioeconomic conditions"
symptom
congenital toxoplasmosis
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