Myogenin gene expression is not altered in the developing diaphragm of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

[congenital diaphragmatic hernia]

Pleuroperitoneal folds (PPFs ) represent the only source of muscle precursors cells (MPCs ) in the primordial diaphragm . However , the exact pathogenesis of malformed PPFs and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH ) remains unclear . The muscle -specific transcription factor myogenin plays a key role during development and muscularization of the fetal diaphragm . Although myogenin knockout mice lack skeletal muscle fibers , the diaphragmatic musculature is intact without any defects . It has further been demonstrated that proliferation and differentiation of MPCs in PPFs and developing diaphragms are normal in rodent CDH models . We hypothesized that myogenin gene expression is not altered in malformed PPFs , developing diaphragms and diaphragmatic musculature in the nitrofen-induced CDH model .Pregnant rats were exposed to nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D 9 ). Fetuses were harvested during PPF formation (D 13 ), diaphragmatic development (D 14 -15 ) and muscularization (D 18 -21 ). Fetal PPFs , developing diaphragms and diaphragmatic musculature were dissected and divided into nitrofen and control groups . Myogenin mRNA levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction , while immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate myogenin protein expression and distribution .Relative mRNA expression of myogenin was not significant different in PPFs (0 .30 Â Â±Â 0 .09 vs . 0 .48 Â Â±Â 0 .09 ; P Â =Â 0 .37 ), developing diaphragms (1 .25 Â Â±Â 0 .29 vs . 1 .60 Â Â±Â 0 .32 ; P =0 .53 ) and diaphragmatic musculature (1 .08 Â Â±Â 0 .24 vs . 1 .59 Â Â±Â 0 .20 ; P = 0 .15 ) of nitrofen-exposed fetuses compared to controls . Myogenin immunoreactivity was not altered in the muscular components of malformed PPFs , developing diaphragms and diaphragmatic musculature of nitrofen-exposed fetuses compared to controls .Myogenin gene expression is not altered in PPFs , developing diaphragms and diaphragmatic musculature in the nitrofen-induced CDH model , thus suggesting that diaphragmatic defects in this model develop independent of myogenic processes .

Diseases
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Diseases presenting "fetal diaphragm" symptom

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

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