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The role of vertebrate nonmuscle Myosin II in development and human disease.
[congenital diaphragmatic hernia]
Three
different
genes
each
located
on
a
different
chromosome
encode
the
heavy
chains
of
nonmuscle
myosin
II
in
humans
and
mice
.
This
review
explores
the
functional
consequences
of
the
presence
of
three
isoforms
during
embryonic
development
and
beyond
.
The
roles
of
the
various
isoforms
in
cell
division
,
cell-cell
adhesion
,
blood
vessel
formation
and
neuronal
cell
migration
are
addressed
in
animal
models
and
at
the
cellular
level
.
Particular
emphasis
is
placed
on
the
role
of
nonmuscle
myosin
II
during
cardiac
and
brain
development
,
and
during
closure
of
the
neural
tube
and
body
wall
.
Questions
addressed
include
the
consequences
on
organ
development
,
of
lowering
or
ablating
a
particular
isoform
as
well
as
the
effect
of
substituting
one
isoform
for
another
,
all
in
vivo
.
Finally
the
roles
of
the
three
isoforms
in
human
diseases
such
as
cancer
as
well
as
in
syndromes
affecting
a
variety
of
organs
in
humans
are
reviewed
.