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Sydenham Chorea and PANDAS in South Africa: Review of Evidence and Recommendations for Management in Resource-Poor Countries.
[acute rheumatic fever]
In
South
Africa
,
and
worldwide
,
rheumatic
fever
represents
a
public
health
problem
.
Improved
diagnosis
and
management
of
Sydenham
chorea
,
a
major
manifestation
of
acute
rheumatic
fever
is
key
to
prevention
of
rheumatic
heart
disease
.
This
article
reviews
Sydenham
chorea
from
its
original
description
to
current
opinions
.
Recommendations
are
founded
on
expert
opinion
as
class
1
data
is
lacking
.
This
South
African
perspective
is
relevant
to
resource-
poor
settings
globally
insofar
as
it
provides
diagnosis
and
management
recommendations
for
primary
-
and
secondary
-level
healthcare
professionals
who
care
for
patients
in
such
environments
.
Four
basic
tenets
of
care
are
recommended
,
namely
,
elimination
of
the
streptococcal
infection
,
symptomatic
treatment
,
immunological
treatment
,
and
nonpharmacologic
interventions
.
A
user-friendly
outcome
measurement
tool
,
viable
for
use
in
low
-resource
settings
is
presented
.
Introduction
of
this
tool
may
lead
to
increased
awareness
of
the
neuropsychiatric
manifestations
of
poststreptococcal
movement
disorders
in
Africa
,
where
reports
are
limited
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"fever"
symptom
22q11.2 deletion syndrome
acute rheumatic fever
alexander disease
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
child syndrome
congenital toxoplasmosis
cushing syndrome
cystinuria
dracunculiasis
erdheim-chester disease
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
familial mediterranean fever
focal myositis
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
lamellar ichthyosis
legionellosis
locked-in syndrome
malignant atrophic papulosis
neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
scrub typhus
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
typhoid
waldenström macroglobulinemia
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
This symptom has already been validated
