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Bilateral metallic stenting in malignant hilar obstruction.
[cholangiocarcinoma]
Endoscopic
palliative
biliary
drainage
is
considered
as
a
gold
standard
treatment
in
advanced
or
inoperable
hilar
cholangiocarcinoma
.
Also
,
metal
stents
are
preferred
over
plastic
stents
in
patients
with
>
3
months
life
expectancy
.
However
,
the
endoscopic
intervention
of
advanced
hilar
obstruction
is
often
more
challenging
and
complex
than
that
of
distal
malignant
biliary
obstructions
.
In
this
literature
review
,
we
describe
the
issues
commonly
encountered
during
endoscopic
unilateral
(
single
)
versus
bilateral
(
multiple
)
biliary
stenting
for
malignant
hilar
obstruction
.
Also
,
we
provide
technical
guidance
to
improve
the
technical
success
rates
and
patient
outcomes
,
focusing
on
bilateral
metallic
stenting
techniques
such
as
stent-
in
-stent
or
side-
by
-side
deployment
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"advanced hilar obstruction"
symptom
cholangiocarcinoma
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