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Recent advances on the mechanisms regulating cholangiocyte proliferation and the significance of the neuroendocrine regulation of cholangiocyte pathophysiology.
[cholangiocarcinoma]
Cholangiocytes
are
epithelial
cells
lining
the
biliary
epithelium
.
Cholangiocytes
play
several
key
roles
in
the
modification
of
ductal
bile
and
are
also
the
target
cells
in
chronic
cholestatic
liver
diseases
(
i
.
e
.
,
cholangiopathies
)
such
as
PSC
,
PBC
,
polycystic
liver
disease
(
PCLD
)
and
cholangiocarcinoma
(
CCA
)
.
During
these
pathologies
,
cholangiocytes
(
which
in
normal
condition
are
in
a
quiescent
state
)
begin
to
proliferate
acquiring
phenotypes
of
neuroendocrine
cells
,
and
start
secreting
different
cytokines
,
growth
factors
,
neuropeptides
,
and
hormones
to
modulate
cholangiocytes
proliferation
and
interaction
with
the
surrounding
environment
,
trying
to
reestablish
the
balance
between
proliferation
/
loss
of
cholangiocytes
for
the
maintenance
of
biliary
homeostasis
.
The
purpose
of
this
review
is
to
summarize
the
recent
findings
on
the
mechanisms
regulating
cholangiocyte
proliferation
and
the
significance
of
the
neuroendocrine
regulation
of
cholangiocyte
pathophysiology
.
To
clarify
the
mechanisms
of
action
of
these
factors
we
will
provide
new
potential
strategies
for
the
management
of
chronic
liver
diseases
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"growth factors"
symptom
achondroplasia
alexander disease
aromatase deficiency
cholangiocarcinoma
dentin dysplasia
dentinogenesis imperfecta
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
kallmann syndrome
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
primary effusion lymphoma
scrub typhus
severe combined immunodeficiency
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