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Genetic and environmental determinants of risk for cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand.
[cholangiocarcinoma]
Cholangiocarcinoma
(
CCA
)
is
a
difficult
cancer
to
diagnose
in
the
early
stage
and
to
treat
by
curative
resection
.
The
incidence
of
CCA
in
the
northeast
of
Thailand
is
the
highest
in
the
world
.
To
make
progress
in
detecting
a
high
risk
group
and
in
the
prevention
and
detection
of
CCA
,
we
have
been
analyzing
the
risk
factors
for
CCA
.
Although
liver
fluke
infection
is
known
to
be
a
risk
factor
,
there
are
patients
who
are
not
infected
with
the
liver
fluke
and
not
all
people
infected
with
the
liver
fluke
will
suffer
from
the
disease
.
Therefore
,
it
is
of
the
utmost
importance
to
analyze
the
risk
factors
and
the
mechanism
to
prevent
the
disease
and
also
to
detect
the
disease
in
its
early
stage
to
save
patients
'
lives
.
Through
collaboration
among
Thai
and
Japanese
researchers
,
we
analyzed
the
genetic
and
environmental
determinants
of
risks
for
CCA
.
Also
,
we
have
been
trying
to
develop
methods
to
detect
the
disease
in
a
non-invasive
way
.
Without
repeating
findings
reported
in
various
reviews
on
CCA
,
we
will
first
discuss
the
environmental
and
genetic
determinants
of
the
risks
for
CCA
.
Second
,
we
will
discuss
the
properties
of
CCA
,
including
the
etiological
agents
and
the
mechanism
of
cholangiocarcinogenesis
,
and
finally
,
we
will
discuss
future
approaches
to
prevent
and
cure
CCA
from
the
standpoint
of
evidence-based
medicine
.
We
will
discuss
these
points
by
including
the
data
from
our
laboratories
.
We
would
like
to
emphasize
the
importance
of
the
genetic
data
,
especially
whole
genome
approaches
,
to
understand
the
properties
of
CCA
,
to
find
a
high
risk
population
for
CCA
and
to
develop
effective
preventative
methods
to
stop
the
carcinogenic
steps
toward
CCA
in
the
near
future
.
In
addition
,
it
is
of
the
upmost
importance
to
develop
a
non-invasive
,
specific
and
sensitive
method
to
detect
CCA
in
its
early
stage
for
the
application
of
modern
medical
approaches
to
help
patients
with
CCA
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"cancer"
symptom
achondroplasia
acute rheumatic fever
adrenal incidentaloma
alpha-thalassemia
benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis
cadasil
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cholangiocarcinoma
coats disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
cowden syndrome
cushing syndrome
cutaneous mastocytosis
dedifferentiated liposarcoma
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
epidermolysis bullosa simplex
erdheim-chester disease
erythropoietic protoporphyria
esophageal adenocarcinoma
esophageal carcinoma
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
familial mediterranean fever
gm1 gangliosidosis
heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
hirschsprung disease
hodgkin lymphoma, classical
inclusion body myositis
junctional epidermolysis bullosa
kabuki syndrome
kallmann syndrome
kindler syndrome
lamellar ichthyosis
liposarcoma
locked-in syndrome
lymphangioleiomyomatosis
monosomy 21
neuralgic amyotrophy
oculocutaneous albinism
oligodontia
oral submucous fibrosis
papillon-lefèvre syndrome
pendred syndrome
pleomorphic liposarcoma
primary effusion lymphoma
proteus syndrome
pyomyositis
pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency
severe combined immunodeficiency
sneddon syndrome
systemic capillary leak syndrome
triple a syndrome
von hippel-lindau disease
waldenström macroglobulinemia
well-differentiated liposarcoma
werner syndrome
wiskott-aldrich syndrome
wolf-hirschhorn syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated