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Role of bacteria in carcinogenesis, with special reference to carcinoma of the gallbladder.
[carcinoma of the gallbladder]
Carcinoma
of
the
gallbladder
(
CaGB
)
is
the
fifth
commonest
gastrointestinal
tract
cancer
and
is
endemic
in
several
countries
.
The
interplay
of
genetic
susceptibility
,
infections
,
and
life
style
factors
has
been
proposed
to
be
responsible
for
carcinogenesis
of
gallbladder
.
Persistence
of
infection
leading
to
chronic
inflammation
,
and
production
of
certain
toxins
and
metabolites
with
carcinogenic
potentials
,
by
certain
bacteria
has
been
speculated
to
be
involved
in
the
transformation
of
the
gallbladder
epithelium
.
Therefore
,
any
bacteria
that
have
evolved
to
acquire
both
of
the
above
carcinogenic
mechanisms
can
cause
cancer
.
Salmonella
typhi
has
been
found
to
be
prominently
associated
with
CaGB
.
Chronic
typhoid
carriage
(
persistence
)
and
production
of
mediators
of
chronic
inflammation
and
a
genotoxic
toxin
(
cytotoxic
distending
toxin
,
CdtB
)
are
also
known
for
this
bacterium
.
Furthermore
,
the
natural
concentrating
function
of
the
gallbladder
might
amplify
the
carcinogenic
effect
of
the
mediators
of
carcinogenesis
.
In
addition
to
S
.
typhi
,
certain
species
of
Helicobacter
(
H
.
bilis
and
H
.
hepaticus
)
and
Escherichia
coli
have
also
been
implicated
in
carcinogenesis
.
As
the
isolation
rate
is
very
poor
with
the
presently
available
culture
techniques
,
the
existence
of
bacteria
in
a
viable
but
non-cultivable
state
is
quite
likely
;
therefore
,
sensitive
and
specific
molecular
techniques
might
reveal
the
etiological
role
of
bacterial
infection
in
gallbladder
carcinogenesis
.
If
bacteria
are
found
to
be
causing
cancers
,
then
eradication
of
such
infections
might
help
in
reducing
the
incidence
of
some
cancers
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"chronic inflammation"
symptom
acute rheumatic fever
carcinoma of the gallbladder
child syndrome
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
erdheim-chester disease
esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
familial mediterranean fever
kindler syndrome
oral submucous fibrosis
phenylketonuria
severe combined immunodeficiency
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