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The madness of Dionysus -- six hypotheses on the illness of Nietzsche.
[cadasil]
Friedrich
Nietzsche
(
1844
-
1900
)
is
considered
as
one
of
the
most
influential
modern
thinkers
of
the
last
two
centuries
.
The
great
philosopher
and
poet
developed
a
mental
illness
at
the
age
of
44
and
died
at
the
age
of
56
.
Pathological
examination
was
not
undertaken
.
At
that
time
Nietzsche
was
diagnosed
as
having
atypical
paralysis
progressiva
,
however
recently
five
other
probable
diagnoses
appeared
in
literature
.
Literature
search
in
MEDLINE
and
Web
of
Science
on
the
illness
of
Nietzsche
.
S
ix
hypotheses
were
identified
:
1
.
Paralysis
progressiva
(
General
paralysis
of
the
insane
)
2
.
Bipolar
affective
disorder
followed
by
vascular
dementia
3
.
Hereditary
form
of
frontotemporal
dementia
4
.
Brain
tumor
5
.
Cerebral
autosomal
dominant
arteriopathy
with
subcortical
infarcts
and
leukoencephalopathy
(
CADASIL
)
6
.
Mitochondrial
encephalomyopathy
with
lactic
acidosis
and
stroke-like
episodes
(
MELAS
)
syndrome
.
Developments
in
neurology
and
molecular
genetics
give
new
perspectives
to
the
secret
of
Nietzsche
's
illness
and
also
there
is
a
consensus
on
the
questioning
of
the
original
paralysis
progressiva
concept
.
As
there
was
no
postmortem
,
the
clinical
speculations
on
the
medical
problems
of
the
great
philosopher
remain
a
challenge
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"dementia"
symptom
adrenomyeloneuropathy
alexander disease
cadasil
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cushing syndrome
gm1 gangliosidosis
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria
hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius
inclusion body myositis
phenylketonuria
sneddon syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated