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The madness of Dionysus -- six hypotheses on the illness of Nietzsche.
[cadasil]
Friedrich
Nietzsche
(
1844
-
1900
)
is
considered
as
one
of
the
most
influential
modern
thinkers
of
the
last
two
centuries
.
The
great
philosopher
and
poet
developed
a
mental
illness
at
the
age
of
44
and
died
at
the
age
of
56
.
Pathological
examination
was
not
undertaken
.
At
that
time
Nietzsche
was
diagnosed
as
having
atypical
paralysis
progressiva
,
however
recently
five
other
probable
diagnoses
appeared
in
literature
.
Literature
search
in
MEDLINE
and
Web
of
Science
on
the
illness
of
Nietzsche
.
S
ix
hypotheses
were
identified
:
1
.
Paralysis
progressiva
(
General
paralysis
of
the
insane
)
2
.
Bipolar
affective
disorder
followed
by
vascular
dementia
3
.
Hereditary
form
of
frontotemporal
dementia
4
.
Brain
tumor
5
.
Cerebral
autosomal
dominant
arteriopathy
with
subcortical
infarcts
and
leukoencephalopathy
(
CADASIL
)
6
.
Mitochondrial
encephalomyopathy
with
lactic
acidosis
and
stroke-like
episodes
(
MELAS
)
syndrome
.
Developments
in
neurology
and
molecular
genetics
give
new
perspectives
to
the
secret
of
Nietzsche
's
illness
and
also
there
is
a
consensus
on
the
questioning
of
the
original
paralysis
progressiva
concept
.
As
there
was
no
postmortem
,
the
clinical
speculations
on
the
medical
problems
of
the
great
philosopher
remain
a
challenge
.
