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Dopamine differently modulates central cholinergic circuits in patients with Alzheimer disease and CADASIL.
[cadasil]
Short
-latency
afferent
inhibition
(
SAI
)
technique
gives
the
opportunity
to
non-invasively
test
an
inhibitory
circuit
in
the
human
cerebral
motor
cortex
that
depends
mainly
on
central
cholinergic
activity
.
Important
SAI
abnormalities
have
been
reported
in
both
patients
with
Alzheimer
disease
(
AD
)
and
cerebral
autosomal
dominant
arteriopathy
with
subcortical
infarcts
and
leukoencephalopathy
(
CADASIL
)
,
a
model
of
"
pure
"
vascular
dementia
(
VD
)
.
Interestingly
,
a
normalization
of
SAI
was
observed
in
AD
after
levo-dopa
(
L-
dopa
)
administration
.
We
aimed
to
determine
whether
the
pharmacological
manipulation
of
the
dopaminergic
system
can
also
interfere
with
SAI
test
in
CADASIL
patients
,
compared
with
AD
patients
and
healthy
controls
.
SAI
was
found
to
be
significantly
reduced
in
both
patient
groups
.
L-Dopa
significantly
increased
SAI
in
the
AD
patients
,
while
it
failed
to
restore
SAI
abnormality
in
CADASIL
patients
.
Therefore
,
L-
dopa-mediated
changes
on
SAI
in
AD
patients
seem
to
be
a
specific
effect
.
The
present
study
supports
the
notion
that
relationship
between
acetylcholine
and
dopamine
systems
may
be
specifically
abnormal
in
AD
.
L-Dopa
challenge
may
thus
be
able
to
differentiate
the
patients
with
AD
or
a
mixed
form
of
dementia
from
those
with
"
pure
"
VD
.
Diseases
Validation
Diseases presenting
"dementia"
symptom
adrenomyeloneuropathy
alexander disease
cadasil
canavan disease
carcinoma of the gallbladder
cushing syndrome
gm1 gangliosidosis
hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis
homocystinuria without methylmalonic aciduria
hydrocephalus with stenosis of the aqueduct of sylvius
inclusion body myositis
phenylketonuria
sneddon syndrome
x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
This symptom has already been validated